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BMC Veterinary Research Feb 2023In the current context of reduced and limited antibiotic use, several pathogens and stressors cause intestinal oxidative stress in poultry, which leads to a reduced feed...
BACKGROUND
In the current context of reduced and limited antibiotic use, several pathogens and stressors cause intestinal oxidative stress in poultry, which leads to a reduced feed intake, slow or stagnant growth and development, and even death, resulting in huge economic losses to the poultry breeding industry. Oxidative stress in animals is a non-specific injury for which no targeted drug therapy is available; however, the health of poultry can be improved by adding appropriate feed additives. Bacillus pumilus, as a feed additive, promotes growth and development and reduces intestinal oxidative stress damage in poultry. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) senses oxidative damage and repairs unfolded and misfolded proteins; its protective effect has been widely investigated. Mitogen-activated protein kinase/protein kinase C (MAPK/PKC) and hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) are also common proteins associated with inflammatory response induced by several stressors, but there is limited research on these proteins in the context of poultry intestinal Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infections. In the present study, we isolated a novel strain of Bacillus pumilus with excellent performance from the feces of healthy yaks, named TS1. To investigate the effect of TS1 on SE-induced enteritis in broilers, 120 6-day-old white-feathered broilers were randomly divided into four groups (con, TS1, SE, TS1 + SE). TS1 and TS1 + SE group chickens were fed with 1.4 × 10 colony-forming units per mL of TS1 for 15 days and intraperitoneally injected with SE to establish the oxidative stress model. Then, we investigated whether TS1 protects the intestine of SE-treated broiler chickens using inflammatory cytokine gene expression analysis, stress protein quantification, antioxidant quantification, and histopathological analysis.
RESULTS
The TS1 + SE group showed lower MDA and higher GSH-Px, SOD, and T-AOC than the SE group. TS1 alleviated the effects of SE on intestinal villus length and crypt depth. Our results suggest that SE exposure increased the expression of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4, and MCP-1), p38 MAPK, and PKCβ and decreased the expression of HSP60, HSP70, and HIF-1α, whereas TS1 alleviated these effects.
CONCLUSIONS
Bacillus pumilus TS1 alleviated oxidative stress damage caused by SE and attenuated the inflammatory response in broilers through MAPK/PKC regulation of HSPs/HIF-1α.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Salmonella enteritidis; Bacillus pumilus; Intestines; Intestinal Mucosa; Animal Feed; Diet; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 36759839
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03598-0 -
Pharmacognosy Research 2015To assess the anthelmintic acivity of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus pumilus metabolites.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the anthelmintic acivity of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus pumilus metabolites.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The successive solvent extractions with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol. The solvent extracts were tested for anthelmintic activity against Pheretima posthuma at 20 mg/ml concentration. The time of paralysis and time of death of the worms was determined for all the extracts. Albendazole was taken as a standard reference and sterile water as a control.
RESULTS
All the sample extracts showed significant anthelmintic activity in paralyzing the worms comparable with that of the standard drug. The time of death exhibited by BP metabolites was close to the time exhibited by standard.
CONCLUSION
The study indicates both bacteria Bacillus cereus and Bacillus pumilus have anthelmintic activity indicating potential metabolites in them.
PubMed: 25598639
DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.147213 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2022Overall, 180 yeasts and bacteria isolated from the peel of citrus fruits were screened for their in vitro antagonistic activity against and , causative agents of green...
Overall, 180 yeasts and bacteria isolated from the peel of citrus fruits were screened for their in vitro antagonistic activity against and , causative agents of green and blue mold of citrus fruits, respectively. Two yeast and three bacterial isolates were selected for their inhibitory activity on mycelium growth. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA and ITS rDNA sequences, the yeast isolates were identified as and while the bacterial isolates were identified as , and . All five selected isolates significantly reduced the incidence of decay incited by and on 'Valencia' orange and 'Eureka' lemon fruits. Moreover, they were effective in preventing natural infections of green and blue mold of fruits stored at 4 °C. Treatments with antagonistic yeasts and bacteria did not negatively affect the quality and shelf life of fruits. The antagonistic efficacy of the five isolates depended on multiple modes of action, including the ability to form biofilms and produce antifungal lipopeptides, lytic enzymes and volatile compounds. The selected isolates are promising as biocontrol agents of postharvest green and blue molds of citrus fruits.
PubMed: 36012806
DOI: 10.3390/jof8080818 -
Microorganisms Jun 2023The adoption of intensive farming has exacerbated disease outbreaks in aquaculture, particularly vibriosis caused by . The use of probiotics to control is recognized as...
The adoption of intensive farming has exacerbated disease outbreaks in aquaculture, particularly vibriosis caused by . The use of probiotics to control is recognized as a good alternative to antibiotics for avoiding the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this study, two strains of B. HLJ1 and B. C1 with strong inhibitory activity on were isolated from aquaculture water and identified as and , respectively. Both B. HLJ1 and B. C1 lacked antibiotic resistance and virulence genes, suggesting that they are safe for use in aquaculture. In addition, these two strains can tolerate acid environments, produce spores, secrete extracellular enzymes, and co-aggregate as well as auto-aggregate with . B. HLJ1 and B. C1 produced the same anti- substance, which was identified as AI-77-F and belongs to amicoumacins. Both B. C1 and B. HLJ1 showed inhibitory activity against 11 different and could effectively control the growth of in simulated aquaculture wastewater when the concentration of B. C1 and B. HLJ1 reached 1 × 10 CFU/mL. This study shows that B. HLJ1 and B. C1 have great potential as aquaculture probiotics.
PubMed: 37512840
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071667 -
Genes Feb 2022Whole-genome sequencing of a soil isolate , strain 7P, and its streptomycin-resistant derivative, 3-19, showed genome sizes of 3,609,117 bp and 3,609,444 bp,...
Whole-genome sequencing of a soil isolate , strain 7P, and its streptomycin-resistant derivative, 3-19, showed genome sizes of 3,609,117 bp and 3,609,444 bp, respectively. Annotation of the genome showed 3794 CDS (3204 with predicted function) and 3746 CDS (3173 with predicted function) in the genome of strains 7P and 3-19, respectively. In the genomes of both strains, the prophage regions Bp1 and Bp2 were identified. These include 52 ORF of prophage proteins in the Bp1 region and 38 prophages ORF in the Bp2 region. Interestingly, more than 50% of Bp1 prophage proteins are similar to the proteins of the in . The DNA region of Bp2 has 15% similarity to the DNA of the phage. Degradome analysis of the genome of both strains revealed 148 proteases of various classes. These include 60 serine proteases, 48 metalloproteases, 26 cysteine proteases, 4 aspartate proteases, 2 asparagine proteases, 3 threonine proteases, and 2 unclassified proteases. Likewise, three inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes were found. Comparative analysis of variants in the genomes of strains 7P and 3-19 showed the presence of 81 nucleotide variants in the genome 3-19. Among them, the missense mutations in the , , genes and in the upstream region of the gene were revealed. These nucleotide polymorphisms may have affected the streptomycin resistance and overproduction of extracellular hydrolases of the 3-19 strain. Finally, a plasmid DNA was found in strain 7P, which is lost in its derivative, strain 3-19. This plasmid contains five coding DNA sequencing (CDS), two regulatory proteins and three hypothetical proteins.
Topics: Bacillus pumilus; Nucleotides; Peptide Hydrolases; Prophages; Streptomycin
PubMed: 35327964
DOI: 10.3390/genes13030409 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022The efficiency of Cd-tolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO) in maize growing in...
The efficiency of Cd-tolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO) in maize growing in Cd-rich conditions was tested in the current study. The best Cd-tolerant strain, , exhibited plant growth stimulation in vivo and in vitro experiments. We determined the toxic concentrations (30 (ppm)) of both NPs for plant growth. , ZnO NPs (20 (ppm)), and TiO NPs (10 (ppm)) had a synergistic effect on plant growth promotion in Cd-contaminated soil (120 (ppm)) in a pot experiment. Both alone and in combination, these therapies reduced Cd toxicity, resulting in improved stress metabolism and defense responses. The combined treatments showed increased relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, proline, total sugars, and proteins and significantly reduced lipid peroxidation. Moreover, this combination increased the levels of minerals and antioxidants and reduced Cd bioaccumulation in shoots and roots by 40-60%. Our in silico pipeline presented a novel picture of the participation of ZnO-TiO protein interaction in both and maize. These findings provide fresh insights on the use of , ZnO, and TiO NPs, both separately and in combination, as a viable and environmentally benign strategy for reducing Cd stress in maize.
PubMed: 36358528
DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112156 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2021Heavy metals contaminate the soil that alters the properties of soil and negatively affect plants growth. Using microorganism and plant can remove these pollutants from...
Heavy metals contaminate the soil that alters the properties of soil and negatively affect plants growth. Using microorganism and plant can remove these pollutants from soil. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the induced effect of Bacillus pumilus on maize plant in Cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil. Three different concentrations of Cd (i.e. 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mg kg) were applied in soil under which maize plants were grown. The germination percentage, shoot length, leaf length, number of leaves, root length, fresh weight and nutrient uptake by maize plant were determined. The experiment was conducted by using complete randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. The result indicated that germination percentage, Shoot length, leaf length, root length, number of leaves, and plant fresh weight were reduced by 37, 39, 39, 32 and 59% respectively at 0.75 mg kg of CdSO concentration but when maize seeds inoculated with Bacillus pumilus significantly increased the germination percentage, shoot length, leaf length, number of leaves, plant fresh weight at different concentrations of CdSO. Moreover, the plant protein were significantly increased by 60% in T6 (0.25 mg kg of CdSO + inoculated seed) and Peroxidase dismutase (POD) was also significantly higher by 346% in T6 (0.25 mg kg of CdSO + inoculated seed), however, the Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly higher in T5 (0.75 mg kg of CdSO + uninoculated seed) and was 769% higher as compared to control. The Cd contents in Bacillus pumilus inoculated maize roots and shoots were decreased. The present investigations indicated that the inoculation of maize plant with Bacillus pumilus can help maize plants to withstand Cd stress but higher concentration of Cd can harm the plant. The Bacillus pumilus has good potential to remediate Cd from soil, and also have potential to reduce the phyto availability and toxicity of Cd.
Topics: Bacillus pumilus; Biodegradation, Environmental; Cadmium; Seeds; Soil Pollutants; Stress, Physiological; Zea mays
PubMed: 34433897
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96786-7 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2022Fisch. is often cultivated in arid, semi-arid, and salt-affected regions that suffer from drought stress, which leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species...
Comprehensive physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses reveal the synergistic mechanism of G5 combined with silicon alleviate oxidative stress in drought-stressed Fisch.
Fisch. is often cultivated in arid, semi-arid, and salt-affected regions that suffer from drought stress, which leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus causing oxidative stress. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and silicon (Si) have been widely reported to be beneficial in improving the tolerance of plants to drought stress by maintaining plant ROS homeostasis. Herein, combining physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses, we investigated the response of the antioxidant system of seedlings under drought stress to (G5) and/or Si treatment. The results showed that drought stress caused the overproduction of ROS, accompanied by the low efficiency of antioxidants [i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), the ascorbate (AsA)-glutathione (GSH) pool, total carotenoids, and total flavonoids]. Inversely, supplementation with G5 and/or Si enhanced the antioxidant defense system in drought-stressed seedlings, and the complex regulation of the combination of G5 and Si differed from that of G5 or Si alone. The combination of G5 and Si enhanced the antioxidant enzyme system, accelerated the AsA-GSH cycle, and triggered the carotenoid and flavonoid metabolism, which acted in combination different pathways to eliminate the excess ROS induced by drought stress, thereby alleviating oxidative stress. These findings provide new insights into the comparative and synergistic roles of PGPB and Si in the antioxidant system of plants exposed to drought and a guide for the application of PGPB combined with Si to modulate the tolerance of plants to stress.
PubMed: 36570944
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1033915 -
Genes Jul 2021The present study reports the isolation of antibacterial exhibiting () SF-4 from soil field. The genome of this strain SF-4 was sequenced and analyzed to acquire... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The present study reports the isolation of antibacterial exhibiting () SF-4 from soil field. The genome of this strain SF-4 was sequenced and analyzed to acquire in-depth genomic level insight related to functional diversity, evolutionary history, and biosynthetic potential. The genome of the strain SF-4 harbor 12 Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs) including four Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), two terpenes, and one each of Type III polyketide synthases (PKSs), hybrid (NRPS/PKS), lipopeptide, β-lactone, and bacteriocin clusters. Plant growth-promoting genes associated with de-nitrification, iron acquisition, phosphate solubilization, and nitrogen metabolism were also observed in the genome. Furthermore, all the available complete genomes of strains were used to highlight species boundaries and diverse niche adaptation strategies. Phylogenetic analyses revealed local diversification and indicate that strain SF-4 is a sister group to SAFR-032 and 150a. Pan-genome analyses of 12 targeted strains showed regions of genome plasticity which regulate function of these strains and proposed direct strain adaptations to specific habitats. The unique genome pool carries genes mostly associated with "biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, transport, and catabolism" (Q), "replication, recombination and repair" (L), and "unknown function" (S) clusters of orthologous groups (COG) categories. Moreover, a total of 952 unique genes and 168 exclusively absent genes were prioritized across the 12 genomes. While newly sequenced SF-4 genome consists of 520 accessory, 59 unique, and seven exclusively absent genes. The current study demonstrates genomic differences among 12 strains and offers comprehensive knowledge of the respective genome architecture which may assist in the agronomic application of this strain in future.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus pumilus; Bacterial Proteins; Genome, Bacterial; Multigene Family; Peptide Synthases; Phylogeny
PubMed: 34356076
DOI: 10.3390/genes12071060 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2021A 98.1 Kb genomic region from 15.1, a strain isolated as an entomopathogen toward , the Mediterranean fruit fly, has been characterised in search of potential virulence...
A 98.1 Kb genomic region from 15.1, a strain isolated as an entomopathogen toward , the Mediterranean fruit fly, has been characterised in search of potential virulence factors. The 98.1 Kb region shows a high number of phage-related protein-coding ORFs. Two regions with different phylogenetic origins, one with 28.7 Kb in size, highly conserved in strains, and one with 60.2 Kb in size, scarcely found in genomes are differentiated. The content of each region is thoroughly characterised using comparative studies. This study demonstrates that these two regions are responsible for the production, after mitomycin induction, of a phage-like particle that packages DNA from the host bacterium and a novel phage for , respectively. Both the phage-like particles and the novel phage are observed and characterised by TEM, and some of their structural proteins are identified by protein fingerprinting. In addition, it is found that the phage-like particle shows bacteriocin activity toward other strains. The effect of the phage-like particles and the phage in the toxicity of the strain toward is also evaluated.
Topics: Animals; Bacillus pumilus; Bacteriocins; Bacteriophages; Ceratitis capitata; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 34360927
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158164